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Phillis Wheatley
Phillis Wheatley (c. 1753 – December 5, 1784) was the first published African-American female poet.〔Henry Louis Gates, ''Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America's Second Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers'', Basic Civitas Books, 2010, p. 5.〕 Born in West Africa, she was sold into slavery at the age of seven and transported to North America. She was purchased by the Wheatley family of Boston, who taught her to read and write, and encouraged her poetry when they saw her talent.
The publication of her ''Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral'' (1773) brought her fame both in England and the American colonies; figures such as George Washington praised her work. During Wheatley's visit to England with her master's son, the African-American poet Jupiter Hammon praised her work in his own poem. Wheatley was emancipated after the death of her master John Wheatley.〔Hilda L. Smith, ''Women's Political and Social Thought: An Anthology'', Indiana University Press, 2000, p. 123.〕 She married soon after. Two of her children died as infants. After her husband was imprisoned for debt in 1784, Wheatley fell into poverty and died of illness, quickly followed by the death of her surviving infant son.
==Early life==
Although the date and place of her birth are not documented, scholars believe that Phillis Wheatley was born in 1753 in West Africa, most likely in present-day Gambia or Senegal.〔Carretta, Vincent. ''Complete Writings by Phillis Wheatley,'' New York: Penguin Books, 2001.〕 Wheatley was brought to British-ruled Boston, Massachusetts, on July 11, 1761,〔Odell, Margaretta M. ''Memoir and Poems of Phillis Wheatley, a Native African and a Slave,'' Boston: Geo. W. Light, 1834.〕 on a slave ship called ''The Phillis''.〔Doak, Robin S. ''Phillis Wheatley: Slave and Poet,'' Minneapolis: Compass Point Books, 2007.〕 It was owned by Timothy Fitch and captained by Peter Gwinn.〔
At the age of eight, she was sold to the wealthy Boston merchant and tailor John Wheatley, who bought the young girl as a servant for his wife Susanna. John and Susanna Wheatley named the young girl Phillis, after the ship that had brought her to America. She was given their last name of Wheatley, as was a common custom if any surname was used for slaves.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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